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Scenario: an XML Schema has this top-level element declaration: <xs:element name="num" type="xs:integer"/> An XML Schema validator is provided two files: 1. An XML Schema file that contains the above element declaration. 2. An XML file containing this: <num>44</num> The XML Schema validator is "executed". It proceeds to determine whether the XML conforms to the XML Schema. Within the <num> element the validator sees this sequence of characters '4' '4'. Is '4' '4' an integer? Clearly it is not. It is a string that consists of two characters. So how does the validator decide that 44 **represents** an integer? Scroll down to see the answer ... Answer: the XML Schema validator determines that the content (44) of the <num> element is an xs:integer because the content obeys the syntax of xs:integer. That is, the string within the <num> element obeys this regular expression: [+-]?[0-9]+ Recap: 1. 44 is not an integer. It is a string. 2. XML does not contain integers (or floats or booleans or URLs or anything else). XML only contains a sequence of characters. 3. An application -- such as an XML Schema validator -- determines that 44 is an integer by checking 44 against a regular expression for integers. That is, the validator sees if 44 obeys the syntax of xs:integer.
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