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As an external user communicating what I want,
A/B[@ID=?4?]/C, says: starting at the As, goto Bs with an ID of ?4?, and then
select all Cs with the qualified B parents. How it is performed internally is
not the user?s concern as long as the internal processing semantics match the
external operational semantics. In SQL: ?SELECT C.vals FROM ABCview WHERE
B.id=?4?? is a more nonprocedural
having separated structure definition from the data request no longer requires
the user to have knowledge of structure enabling their query to be free of the structure.
You're saying two
things here: first you're saying that a path expression is procedural because
the user thinks of it as being evaluated in a particular way, and the fact that
this might be a completely false model has nothing to do with it - it's what's
in the user's mind that counts. On that basis you presumably also think that
regular expressions are procedural because users think of them as being
processed from left to right. And presumably functional languages like Haskell
are procedural too. That makes the word meaningless, in my view.
Then you change tack and talk about SQL
having a higher level of data independence (that is, the user needs to know less
about the structure). That's a completely orthogonal discussion. I would say
it's equally true of XQuery and SQL that you can't write a query if you don't
know the schema. What is true, I grant you, is that there's no equivalent in the
XML world of the design discipline of third-normal form in the relational world.
That means that there are more legitimate ways to represent a given data
set in XML than there are in relational tables. But since real databases are
never in third normal form anyway (because it's unusable for anything real),
this doesn't actually help as much as you might think: in practice, the user has
to know how the data is organized.
Michael Kay
http://www.saxonica.com/
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