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> - Ken Bowles' UCSD P-System of the late 1970s used a virtual > machine and intermediate code called p-code for portability > and p-code in turn was quite explicitly designed as an improvement to Martin Richards' o-code, which was used (in the late 60s) as the target for compilation of BCPL, more widely known as the forerunner of C. Designing an intermediate language that is suitable as a target for multiple high-level languages and that is also suitable for interpretation on any physical hardware is a more elusive goal. ICL attempted it with a system called ALICE in the mid-1970s, but unsuccessfully. It might be easier today now that 8-bit addressing and IEEE 754 arithmetic have become universal. Mike Kay
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