methods of inserting html into output?

This inquiry is more inline with constructing a FAQ, but I am sitting
here wondering about the various techniques one can use to insert
html in the output. So let me ask, "What are the various ways of
inserting html/css/javascript into the output? When would you use
each technique?" I seem to just write what I need an innovate when
it doesn't work. Now I would like a more thorough understanding.
This is what I come up with on first thought:

1) In-line literal elements into template body:
<xsl:template ...>
  <tag> ... </tag>
</xsl:template>

<!--CDATA[
 <tag> ... </tag>
]]>

3) <xsl:element> and <xsl:attribute>
  <xsl:element name="tag">
   <xsl:attribute name="attr" value="value"/>
  </xsl:element>

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