<xsl:template match="p">
   <xsl:if test="string-to-codepoints(.) > 127">
      <!--the string has a non-ASCII character-->
   </xsl:if>
 </xsl:template>

This works because of the use of ">" to test a node set against a scalar value

... the test is true if *any* of the comparisons is true. The test is false only when all of the tests are false.

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